ABSTRACT Warm mixtures are an essential alternative for paving as they minimize costs and environmental impacts, and their performance is similar to hot mixtures. This research evaluated the effect of adding linseed oil obtained from Linum usitatissimum in the contents of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6% by weight on the physical and rheological properties of the asphalt binder. The asphalt binder was evaluated through tests of penetration, softening point, rotational viscosity, performance grade (PG); these tests were performed before and after the short-term aging procedure; multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR), and linear amplitude sweep (LAS). It has been verified that the mixing temperature could be reduced by up to 15 °C for the 6% linseed oil content, but it was lost in terms of performance, level of supported traffic, and fatigue life. In the so-called ideal content found, 4% linseed oil, there is a reduction in the mixing temperature of around 10 °C, as well as a maximum temperature of PG, 58 °C, it reduces by only one step compared to the pure binder, 64 °C, in addition to presenting the second-longest fatigue life of the grades studied, being classified as ideal for standard traffic by the MSCR test. Linseed oil proved to be an excellent green alternative for the production of warm mixtures.

RESUMO O estudo e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de materiais para pavimentação tem crescido bastante motivados pelos diversos problemas que os pavimentos têm enfrentado. Atualmente os polímeros sintéticos já ocuparam seu lugar no mercado pela eficiência que apresentaram em diversos estudos e quando testados em serviço. No entanto, a dependência por combustíveis fósseis é preocupante, principalmente pelo impacto ambiental resultante de tal utilização. Sendo assim, alternativas baseadas em recursos renováveis e ainda aproveitados de processos industriais vem ganhado espaço. A lignina é um polímero natural, subproduto da indústria de papel e celulose, extraída da madeira na forma de um licor negro por diversos processos, sendo o processo kraft o principal e mais utilizado. Esse material já demostrou grande potencial em algumas pesquisas a partir de sua associação com o ligante asfáltico, principalmente por apresentar propriedades antioxidantes. Assim, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo a verificação do efeito da adição de lignina em teores de 3%, 6% e 9% nas propriedades reológicas do ligante asfáltico convencional CAP 50/70, antes e após o envelhecimento a curto prazo (RTFO). Foram realizados ensaios convencionais de penetração, ponto de amolecimento e recuperação elástica, além de ensaios especiais como viscosidade rotacional e os realizados no DSR, para a determinação dos parâmetros do grau de desempenho, G*, δ e G*/sen δ, além da %Rec e Jnr, estes últimos através do MSCR. Verificou-se que os ligantes modificados por adição de lignina se apresentaram mais resistentes à variação de temperatura, à deformação permanente, mas principalmente ao envelhecimento, mostrando a atuação desse material como antioxidante, especialmente para o teor de 9%, embora os demais teores também tenham apresentado desempenho superior ao ligante puro, comprovando que a utilização da lignina, de um modo geral, se mostrou viável reológica e ambientalmente ao ser associada ao ligante convencional.

ABSTRACT The study and development of new technologies for paving materials has been greatly motivated by the many problems that pavements have faced. Currently synthetic polymers have already taken their place in the market for the efficiency they have presented in several studies and when tested in service. However, this dependence on fossil fuels is of concern, mainly because of the environmental impact resulting from such use. Thus, alternatives based on renewable resources and still taken advantage of industrial processes have gained space. Lignin is a natural polymer, a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry, extracted from wood in the form of a black liquor by various processes, the kraft process being the main and most used. This material has already demonstrated great potential in some researches due to its association with the asphalt binder, mainly because it has antioxidant properties. Thus, this research aimed to verify the effect of the addition of lignin at 3%, 6% and 9% in the rheological properties of a conventional asphalt binder CAP 50/70 before and after the short term aging (RTFO). Conventional tests of penetration, softening point and elastic recovery were carried out in addition to special tests such as rotational viscosity and those performed in the DSR, in order to determine the parameters of the degree of performance, G *, δ and G*/sin δ, in addition to % Rec and Jnr, the latter through the MSCR. It was found that the binders modified by addition of lignin were more resistant to temperature variation, to permanent deformation, but mainly to aging, showing the performance of this material as an antioxidant, especially for the 9% content, although the other contents also have shown superior performance to the pure binder, proving that the use of lignin in general has proved to be viable both rheologically and environmentally when it is associated with the conventional binder.

The recent and rapid increase in wildlife crime threatens not only the survival of significant populations of endangered species in South Africa but also regional security, the sustainability of the tourism sector and the social stability of communities. Many wildlife crime interventions fail to achieve sustained impact due to the complexity of the crime. Different aspects of the problem are interconnected, but stakeholders address them in parts. This causes some to view the problem as too complex to address, thus promoting a state of crisis management. Addressing wildlife crime requires harmonising efforts, incorporating on-the-ground cross-border cooperation that balances conserving wildlife with stakeholder needs for socio-economic development and local, national and regional stability. This article explores innovative and integrated ways to mitigate the complexity of wildlife crime, framed as a 'whole-of-society' response to the challenge with a specific focus on implementation.

O estudo do valor é indissociável da análise dos conceitos de bom e Bem, pelo que qualquer base metodológica que lhe sirva de alicerce tem de partir do exame destes. Assumindo os riscos do sem-sentido, recusamos uma redução relativista do bom predicativo a bom atributivo e de bom a bom para, bom do ponto de vista de, bom relativo a, e avançamos para a discussão de algumas tentativas de identificação do bom, nomeadamente com o prazer, o desejo e o escolhido. Seguindo-se o esforço de mostrar como bom é insusceptível de uma remissão para o psicológico ou para o subjectivo, o ensaio procura evidenciar a ideia de Bem como o conceito fundamental e indefinível para a compreensão do bom, a partir da sua estruturação teleológica. Propomo-nos, portanto, estabelecer bom = aquilo que remete para o Bem, sendo o conceito de valor o reflexo da relação mediada com o Bem, indissociável do domínio ético. Por fim, consagra-se a possibilidade de uma nova fundação de um método na teoria do valor baseado nos preceitos alcançados, distinguindo-se o estudo do valor em analítico, substantivo e prático.

The study of value is inseparable from the analysis of the concepts of good and the Good, so any methodological basis which serves as groundwork must take from these. Assuming the risks of non-sensicality, we propose to refuse a relativistic reduction of predicative good to attributive good and of good to good for, good from the point of view of and good-relative-to and discuss some attempts to identify good, particularly with pleasure, desire and choice. Following the effort to show how good is not liable to be ascribed to the psychological or subjective, the essay seeks to highlight the idea of the Good as the fundamental concept - therefore undefinable - to understand good as from its teleological structure. We therefore propose to establish good = what refers to the Good, and the concept of value as one which reflects the mediated relationship with the Good, inseparable from the ethical. Finally, we establish the possibility of a new foundation of a method of the theory of value based in the reached percepts, distinguishing between analytical, substantive and practical inquiries on value.